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Friday, August 28, 2020

Bye BIP, Bye Orange (partie 2)


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On peut dire que j’ai essayé de favoriser la concurrence sur le marché de la téléphonie mobile à Madagascar en adoptant (en essayant d’adopter) les nouveaux venus comme Bip. Pour moi, le premier constat est qu’il est très difficile de percer ou de déboulonner les opérateurs déjà établis. Le deuxième constat est qu’il n’y pas de réelle concurrence sur le marché, Telma semble l’unique vrai opérateur, les autres ne font que de la figuration.

Dans cette deuxième partie de mon ressenti sur le marché de la téléphonie mobile à Madagascar, je vais essayer d’apporter les raisons de ce que je perçois comme un échec de la bonne concurrence.

1) Les nouveaux venus seront plus facile à adopter si on permet aux clients de garder le même numéro en changeant d’opérateur.
Cela s’appelle la portabilité du numéro. Vous changez d’opérateur : vous gardez le même numéro, les mêmes dix chiffres, aucun changement, ni même celui du préfixe. Pourquoi c’est possible en France et impossible à Madagascar? Vous changez pour Bip et votre numéro reste le même, commençant par 034 ou 033. Par expérience, j’ai constaté que changer son numéro et demander aux gens d’utiliser un nouveau numéro n’est pas pratique. Cela pose tellement de soucis qu’il faudra garder plusieurs numéros ou abandonner l’idée d’avoir un nouveau numéro.
En attendant la mise en place de cette portabilité, les opérateurs devraient s’efforcer de proposer aux clients le choix des 7 derniers numéros afin que le changement de numéro ne se distingue que par un seul chiffre, 039 au lieu de 034 par exemple.

2) Les nouveaux venus n’ont pas leur place si l’Etat laisse faire les tarifs préférentiels sur le numéro appelé.
Le prix d’appel d’un autre opérateur est trois fois plus cher ou quatre fois plus cher que si vous appelez vers le même opérateur. Il est même souvent possible que les appels vers le même opérateur soient gratuits. De même, en cas de bonus offert au client, ceux-ci sont généralement à utiliser exclusivement sur le réseau de son opérateur. C’est une stratégie anti-concurrence qui permet aux opérateurs “historiques” de garder leur avance, voir de creuser l’écart sans effort. Plus de 90% de mes contacts ont des numéros Telma. Même si je dispose d’autres numéros, je préfère utiliser mon numéro Telma pour appeler car cela revient toujours moins cher. Et par force d’habitude, je ne pense même plus à aller créditer mes autres numéros, sauf pour les garder non suspendus. La discrimination sur le numéro appelé doit être interdite par la loi. Si un opérateur propose un tarif de 1 Ar la seconde, cela doit être le même tarif quel que soit l’opérateur appelé. Si un opérateur offre des bonus, cela doit être valide sur tous les opérateurs nationaux.
De même, en parlant de paiement mobile, les opérateurs appliquent un tarif surplus sur celui qui reçoit un paiement quand celui-ci est initié depuis un autre opérateur. Cela force aussi les entrepreneurs à garder plusieurs numéros mobiles pour satisfaire tous les clients, ou, comme moi, de surtaxes les clients d’un opérateur que je considère moins répandu.

3) Etre opérateur n’est pas que fournir de la communication. Si Appel, SMS, et Internet font le must des services d’un opérateur téléphonique, le paiement mobile devient aussi un pilier très important de ces services. Et sur ce point, Telma gardera une avance très précieuse en étant propriété du groupe Axian avec la prestigieuse banque BNI Madagascar. C’est si simple et moins cher de gérer son portefeuille mobile Mvola tout en étant client de la BNI. Je préconise à mes clients qui paient par mobile le service Mvola pour cette raison. Savoir que si j’ai urgemment besoin de liquidités à minuit, je peux aller vers un GAB BNI (ou BFV-SG) et faire un retrait immédiat me rassure. Et par cercle vicieux, le géant Telma ne cesse de grandir, au détriment des autres opérateurs, surtout les tous nouveaux, et finalement au détriment de la concurrence. La solution à cela se trouve entre les concurrents de Telma et les concurrents de la BNI. Mais force est de constater que ces concurrents ne semblent pas pressés de contrecarrer ces avances du groupe Axian.

4) A propos de l’offre internet en particulier, les engagements de 12 mois ou 24 mois sont aussi un frein à la concurrence. L’Etat devrait soit interdire ces pratiques, soit permettre à tout client de changer d’opérateur internet même avant la fin de l’engagement. Dans cette dernière optique, si un client s’est engagé pour 24 mois d’internet à Telma, et qu’il veut changer pour Orange au bout de 5 mois, il devrait pouvoir le faire sans payer aucune indemnité à Telma, et ce client signera pour un engagement de 19 mois (ce qui reste des 24 mois) ou 24 mois à son nouveau fournisseur Orange. Le détail de ce qui devrait être remboursé à l’ancien fournisseur devra se régler entre fournisseurs. (Prix de la box internet, dépense sur l’installation de la fibre, …)

Au final, je suis complice de l’absence de vraie concurrence sur le marché des services mobiles. Les opérateurs concurrents classés comme figurants/outsiders y sont aussi pour quelque chose comme ils ne cherchent pas vraiment à améliorer la concurrence en analysant et en écoutant le besoin des utilisateurs. Et finalement, l’Etat a un grand rôle à jouer pour interdire les pratiques anti-concurrences.


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